This is an attempt to simulate the Mongol army of Kubilai Khan and of the Yuan Dynasty circa 1260 A.D. to 1367 A.D. Despite credible performances against Arik Boghe and the final conquest of China, the army had difficulties in Tibet, Burma, Annam, and Japan as well as with endemic revolts including that of the White Lotus Society and the Red Turbans ultimately being driven out of China by a former Red Turban general who established the Ming Dynasty. Accordingly, I have rated their Initiative level as 6 which is lower than most Mongol armies but fits in rather well with WF Sung Chinese.

Era: Age of Chivalry		Yuan Chinese	CR: H: 4 L: 4			BP: 2	Init: 6
Core
Number	Type	Description	Key	FV	PROT	Weapon	Cost
1	HC(d!)	Su-Wei Ethnic Mongols	Key	5(1)0	+2	Lance/bow	15
1	HC(d)	T'ou hsia or other ethnic Mongols	Key	4(0)0	+1	Lance/bow	12
2	LC(d)	T'ung-shig Chun or other ethnic Mongols*	Key	2(0)0	+1	Various/bows	8
2	LC(d)	Tamma light cavalry*	Key	1(0)0	+1	Bows	6
Bonus:
O		TAMMA
4	HC(d)	T'ou Hsia or other ethnic Mongols	Key	4(0)0	+1	Lance/bow	12
8	LC(d)	Tamma Light Cavalry*	Key	1(0)0	+1	Bows	6
O		HSIN-FU CHUN (Chinese)**
1	HC	Chinese	Key	4(0)0	+1	Various	10
2	FT	Chinese	Key	5(1)1	+1	Halberds	6
4	FT	Chinese	Key	4(1)1	+1	Various/bows or X-bows***	6
4	SI	Chinese	Key	2(1)1	+2	Bows or X-bows***	2
O		HAN CHUN(Northern Chinese, Koreans,Khitans,Jurchen, Tibetan)**
1	HC	Han Chun****	Key	4(0)0	+1	Various/bows	12
1	HC	Han Chun Tibetans****	Key	4(0)0	+2	Various/bows	13
1	LC	Han Chun****	Key	2(0)0	+1	Various	7
1	LC	Han Chun****	Key	1(0)0	+1	Bows	6
2	FT	Han Chun	Key	5(1)1	+1	Halberds	6
4	FT	Han Chun Koreans	Key	4(1)1	+1	Various/bows	6
2	FT	Han Chun Koreans	Key	4(1)1	+1	Various	4
4	SI	Han Chun		2(1)1	+2	Bows	2

Terrain:

Core: 1 GR

Bonus: (Max: 2 ) 2 GR, 1 SH, 1 RG, 1 W (Annam or Burma)

Notes:

Core: 95 Bonus: 240

*LC(d) dismount as SI with a BP of 2, an FV of 2(1)1, a Prot of +2, and are armed with a bow with an 18 inch range. When dismounted they have the same arc of fire as foot bows despite retaining the shorter range of mounted bows. Dismounted LC remain key units. Dismounted LC function as SI in all respects and are subject to dispersal and missile drop off.

**If any Hsin-fu Chun are purchased, at least 24 points must be purchased. If any Han Chun are purchased, at least 24 points must be purchased.

***There are varying hypotheses regarding whether or not later Sung infantry were armed with bows or crossbows. The majority opinion is that they were armed with bows with an occasional crossbow unit. A strong and vocal minority espouses crossbows. It seems to me that there were probably units of both from the manuals quoted by Stephen Selby in Chinese Archery. However, I have left the option open for a player to adopt any of the current hypotheses.

**** Only two total units of Han Chun cavalry may be purchased. No more than one Han Chun HC unit may be purchased. No more than one Han Chun LC unit may be purchased.

Up to one FT unit of the Hsin-fu Chun and up to one FT unit of the Han Chun may be upgraded by one additional FV for two points for each such unit representing Su-Wei infantry. Each such unit upgraded reduces the pool of available FT by one unit. i.e., if a player upgrades a Bonus Han Chun halberd unit from 5(1)1 to 6(1)1 that leaves only 1 Bonus Han Chun 5(1)1 halberd unit to purchase. Such upgraded units count toward the 24 point minimum purchase requirement.

Tamma light units, Hsin-fu Chun light units, or Han Chun light units only count against the requirement for purchasing all light troops in order to acquire a free light division set out on page 34 of the rules under Control Ratings if any Bonus units of Tamma, Hsin-fu Chun, or Han Chun respectively are purchased.

No more than one in three mounted units that are permitted to dismount may do so at any one time. i.e. one in three LC may dismount, 1 in 3 Mongol HC may dismount. The ratio is calculated based upon the actual number of mounted units permitted to dismount in the army selected from the list and not on the number of such units in the entire list.

Ordo Link: Yuan Chinese

Last Edited: 28 September 2006

List Author: Subodai Bahadur